Reactors & Nuclear Fuel Making Exam Click “next” to start the exam. Only one possible answer for each question. Created on September 14, 2023 Reactors and Nuclear Fuel Making 1 / 24 Which of the following is the end product of uranium mining and milling process? A. Uranium Tetraflouride (UF4) B. Uranium hexafluoride (UF6) C. Uranium oxide (U3O8) D. Uranium ore 2 / 24 Uranium is produced by at least nineteen different countries around the world. Which three countries produce two-thirds of the world’s supply of uranium? A. USA, Russia, Kazakhstan B. Canada, Australia, Uzbekistan C. Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia D. Niger, Australia, Russia 3 / 24 Which of the following methods of uranium recovery is most commonly used in the United States? A. In Situ Recovery (ISR) B. Conventional Mining C. Open pit mining D. Heap Leaching 4 / 24 Which of the following is true about the conversion of uranium to hexafluoride (UF6)? A. It is a necessary step before the uranium can be enriched B. It is necessary only when making fuel for heavy water reactors C. It involves turning uranium gas into a solid D. None of the above 5 / 24 What is the purpose of enrichment? A. To remove impurities from the uranium B. To increase the proportion of fissile-prone U235 atoms C. To separate uranium from plutonium D. To create MOX fuel 6 / 24 Which of the following is NOT a method of uranium enrichment? A. Gaseous diffusion B. Electro-magnetic Isotope Separation (EMIS) C. Separation of Isotopes by Laser Excitation (SILEX) D. In Situ Recovery (ISR) 7 / 24 Natural uranium primarily consists of two isotopes, only one of which is fissile. What is the isotopic makeup of natural uranium? A. The isotope U-235 makes up 0.7% of natural uranium B. The isotope U-238 makes up 0.7% of natural uranium C. The isotope U-239 makes up 0.7% of natural uranium D. None of the above 8 / 24 Uranium is considered to be low enriched uranium (LEU) when it has an isotopic content of U235: A. Below 3% B. Below 10% C. Below 20% D. Below 50% 9 / 24 Which of the following methods of enrichment uses magnets to separate the uranium isotopes U235 and U238? A. EMIS B. SILEX C. Gaseous diffusion D. Gas centrifuge 10 / 24 Which of the following explains why gas centrifuges are considered more of a proliferation risk than gaseous diffusion plants? A. They are more energy efficient and harder to detect B. They are much smaller and easier to hide C. They are cheaper to build D. All of the above 11 / 24 What is the significance for nonproliferation of the equilibrium time in gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge methods of enrichment? A. The equilibrium time in gas centrifuges is measured in hours rather than months like gaseous diffusion B. The equilibrium time in gas centrifuges in measured in hours rather than weeks like gaseous diffusion C. The equilibrium time in gas centrifuges is measured in days rather than weeks like gaseous diffusion D. The equilibrium time in gas centrifuges is measured in weeks rather than years like gaseous diffusion 12 / 24 What method of enrichment is based on the fact that different isotopes absorb different colors, or frequencies of light? A. EMIS B. SILEX C. PUREX D. MOX 13 / 24 What feature is common to all enriched uranium-fueled thermal neutron nuclear reactors but not fast neutron reactors? A. Moderator B. Heavy Water C. Coolant D. Light Water 14 / 24 What types of nuclear reactors can use natural (un-enriched) uranium fuel? A. Light Water B. High Temperature Gas Cooled C. Magnox D. CANDU E. C and D 15 / 24 Which of the following materials can be used as a coolant in nuclear reactors? A. Carbon dioxide B. Liquid Sodium C. Light Water D. Helium E. All of the above 16 / 24 Which of the following is NOT true about heavy water? A. It cannot be used as a moderator in reactors that can use natural uranium because it absorbs too many neutrons. B. It exists in regular water in small amounts C. Heavy water production in a country can indicate existence of a weapons program D. It contains hydrogen isotopes with one proton and one neutron 17 / 24 What type of nuclear reactor can be refueled while on-line? A. CANDU B. LWR C. High Temperature Gas Cooled D. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder 18 / 24 Why are reactors that can be fueled while on-line considered a greater proliferation risk than those that must be taken off-line? A. They are smaller and easier to hide, so can be used in covert weapons programs B. They only use enriched uranium for fuel, which can be diverted to make weapons C. They don’t decrease their energy output while refueling, which makes it harder to detect any covert diversions of the spent fuel D. They do not use enriched uranium for fuel, so don’t have any enrichment facilities that can be detected 19 / 24 What happens at the end on the once-through fuel cycle? A. Spent fuel is removed from the reactor and stored permanently B. Spent fuel is removed from the reactor and is reprocessed C. Mixed oxide (MOX) fuel is produced D. None of the above 20 / 24 What is the reactor fuel produced from reprocessed plutonium and uranium called? A. Mixed oxide (MOX) B. Green salt C. Yellowcake D. Uranium hexafluoride (UF6) 21 / 24 Which of the following is true about reprocessing? A. It is the cheapest commercial fuel cycle option B. It is a necessary step in the fuel cycle for commercial reactors C. It can only be done in large commercial facilities D. It can be used to recover plutonium for use in nuclear weapons 22 / 24 PUREX refers to: A. A method of enrichment that uses lasers to separate isotopes of U235 from U238 B. A type of fast breeder reactor that uses plutonium recovered from spent reactor fuel C. A method of separating uranium and plutonium from the fission products in spent reactor fuel D. A step in the process for converting uranium ore into yellowcake 23 / 24 Monitoring which of the following can serve as a nonproliferation tool? A. UF6 conversion facilities B. Production of heavy water C. Electric or thermal output of nuclear reactors over time D. All of the above 24 / 24 Which of the following is NOT a good reason for thinking that light water reactors (LWRs) are more proliferation resistant than graphite or heavy water moderated reactors? A. LWRs use LEU so access to enrichment facilities or enriched fuel is required and this generally is supplied from an out of country source. B. The quality of the plutonium in LWRs is so inferior to that produced in other reactors that it can’t be used to make efficient bombs C. Under normal operating procedures the plutonium produced in LWRs is irradiated longer, so it is more radioactive and harder to extract from the spent fuel D. You have to shut down the reactor get at the plutonium in its spent fuel. 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