Required Readings

• Victor Gilinsky, Sometimes We Don’t Want to Know: Kissinger and Nixon Finesse Israel’s Bomb (paper prepared for NPEC Stanford Seminar, Stanford University, August 4, 2011).

• Henry Sokolski, “As the World Transitions to New Generation Warfare, Relying on Secrecy Is Less a Fix Than a Problem,” Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 2021.

• Henry Sokolski, “Fighting Proliferation with Intelligence,” in Fighting Proliferation: New Concerns for the Nineties ed. Henry Sokolski (Montgomery, AL: Air University Press, 1996), 277-298. Password Protected PDF

• Henry Sokolski, Improving the Role of Intelligence in Counterproliferation Policymaking: Report of the “Speaking Truth to Nonproliferation Project,” March 2019.

Recommended Readings

Specific Cases

• Avner Cohen, The Worst Kept Secret:  Israel’s Bargain with the Bomb (New York, NY:  Columbia University Press, 2010).

• Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins, The Nuclear Jihadist: The True Story of the Man Who Sold the World’s Most Dangerous Secrets…And How We Could Have Stopped Him (New York: Twelve, 2007).

• Victor Gilinsky and Roger J. Mattson, “Revisiting the NUMEC Affair,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 66, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 61-75.

• Alexander Lanoszka, “Seoul in Isolation: Explaining South Korean Nuclear Behavior, 1968-1980,” in Protection States Trust?: Major Power Patronage, Nuclear Behavior, and Alliance Dynamics, a Ph.D. dissertation completed at Princeton University, 2010.

• Murrey Marder and Dan Oberdorfer, “How West, Soviets Acted to Defuse S. African A-Test,” The Washington Post, August 28, 1977. 

• “Pakistan achieved nuclear capability ‘within seven years’ of India’s first test in 1974: President Arif Alvi,” The New Indian Express, August 14, 2021.

• Henry Sokolski, “Ten Regrets:  America’s Nonproliferation Efforts against Iran,” in Joachim Krause, editor, Iran’s Nuclear Program (London, UK:  Routledge, 2012).

• William Tobey, “Cooperation in the Libya WMD Disarmament Case,” Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 61, No. 4, December 2017.

• Leonard Weiss, “The 1979 South Atlantic Flash: The Case for an Israeli Nuclear Test” (working paper, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, August 3, 2011).

• Roberta Wohlstetter, “The Buddha Smiles: U.S. Aide and the Indian Bomb (1978),” in Nuclear Heuristics, ed. Robert Zarate and Henry Sokolski (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2009), 339-356.

• Robert Zarate, “The Non-Use and Abuse of Nuclear Proliferation Intelligence in the Cases of North Korea and Iran” (NPEC working paper, April 8, 2013).

Broader Takes

• Wyn Q. Bowen, Robert Dover, and Michael S. Goodman, “Intelligence and Nuclear Proliferation: An Introduction to the Special Issue,” Intelligence and National Security 29, no. 3, 315-322, June 4, 2014.

• Brown, Zachery T., “What if Sherman Kent was wrong? Revisiting the intelligence debate of 1949,” War on the Rocks, October 1, 2020.

• William Burr et al., “Blast From the Past,” Foreign Policy, September 22, 2019.

• Ashton B. Carter and L. Celeste Johnson, “Beyond the Counterproliferation Initiative to a ‘Revolution in Counterproliferation Affairs,’” in, Twenty-First Century Weapons Proliferation, ed.Henry Sokolski and James B. Ludes (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2001), 64-71. Password Protected PDF

• Catherine Collins and Douglas Frantz, Fallout: The True Story of the CIA Secret War against Nuclear Trafficking (New York: Simon and Shuster, 2011), ix-xiii. Password Protected PDF

• Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, Report to the President of the United States, March 31, 2005.

• Victor Gilinsky and Roger J. Mattson, “Did Israel steal bomb-grade uranium from the United States?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 17, 2014.

• Seymour M. Hersh, “On the Nuclear Edge,” The New Yorker, March 29, 1993.

• Robert Jervis, Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons for the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010).             

• Jeffrey Richelson, Spying on the Bomb: American Nuclear Intelligence from Nazi Germany to Iran and North Korea (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007).

• Joshua Rovner, Fixing the Facts: National Security and the Politics of Intelligence (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011).

• U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Force Transformation, The Implementation of Network-Centric Warfare (Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, January 5, 2005), 3-27.

• U.S. Department of State. Secretary of State. Follow-up to Nuclear Team Visit: Demarche to President Chiang, State 225046, National Security Archive, September 1978.

• U.S. Department of State. Secretary of State. The Taiwan Research Reactor, State 305274, National Security Archive, December 1977.